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An MCL injury occurs when the medial collateral ligament becomes damaged through a pull, twist, tear or other disruption of the knee. An injured MCL reduces the stability of the knee and decreases the medial support of the knee during athletic activity.
Injuries can vary in severity, ranging from a minor sprain to a complete tear of the ligament.
Injuries usually occur during an activity involving a direct blow to the knee or lower leg, especially when the knee is bent and the lower leg is forced inward.
An MCL injury is one of the most common ligamentous injuries occurring around the knee.
Less serious injuries are treatable with physical therapy alone, although a completely torn ligament may require surgery. MCL surgery reconstructs the ligament by repairing a partial tear or through the re-attachment of a complete tear to the bone, depending upon the site of injury.
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Considerable pain on the inside of the knee that does not go away within the first few hours after the injury.
A feeling of looseness when the knee is bent inward.
Immediate (usually within 24 hours) swelling and/or bruising on the inner (medial) aspect of the knee.
Difficulty or the inability to bear weight on the injured leg.
An audible "pop" or the perception of something snapping or breaking on the inside of the knee at the moment of injury.
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If the patient shows any of the listed symptoms that do not resolve or improve within 24-48 hours.
If after treatment, the patient continues to have pain and/or instability of the knee.
If the patient experiences unexplained symptoms, other types of pain, or unexpected side effects of medication.
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MCL injuries usually occur during athletic activities and are common in running, jumping or during sudden twisting, turning or stopping movements.
The injury is typically associated with sports like skiing, football, basketball, and soccer.
The injury is commonly the result of a blow to the outside of the knee when the foot is planted.
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With proper care, most patients can expect a full recovery from an injured MCL.
Most patients will recover without surgery, using physical therapy and bracing to regain a standard range of motion and allow the injured ligament to heal.
Patients with more severe injuries, that require surgery, are also likely to return to previous levels of athletic ability, although rehabilitation is usually more demanding and recovery time longer.
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About the Clinical Review Team
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